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 BMW - TIS Technical Information
System Workshop Manuals Database on CD - BMW
Every BMW Workshop
Manual you will ever need on 1 X CD
 UK  USA  EU Worldwide Specifications Fully Covered. All years and Models - 1973 to 2006
COVERS ALL
MODELS OF BMW VEHICLES (Petrol / Diesel / Manual / Automatic) FROM 1973 to 2006
Professional Standard BMW TIS DVD Workshop Manual
same as used by BMW Garages / Main Dealers- Ideal for Professional or DIY
Workshops
Buy Today! - Diagnose, Repair, part
find etc on All BMW Vehicles
English / Deutsche -
German / Francaise / Espanol
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/ Korean / Chinese / Dutch
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BMW Sample
TIS:
- 1 Series - E87
- 3 Series - E30, E36, E46,
E83
- 5 Series - E34, E39, E53,
E60, E61
- 6 Series - E63, E64
- 7 Series - E32, E38, E65,
E66
- 8 Series - E31, E52
- Z Series - E85
- X 3
- X 5
- Mini Cooper/S- R50, R52,
R53
- Also Covers M-Sport
Versions For Models R50, R52 & R53!
Years
1973 to 2006
Models Covered
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ALL BMW MODELS
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1973 to 2006
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Petrol
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Diesel
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Manual
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Automatic
CD Contents
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Troubleshooting By Symptom (Very Powerful Fault Search System)
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Graphical Repair Search (Very Useful If You Don't Know The Part
Name)
- Service Repairs (Step By
Step Service Procedures)
- Repair Instructions
(Repair To A Professional Standard!)
- Technical Data
- Tightening Torques
- Filling Capacities
- Inspection Sheets
- Computer Diagnostic Codes
- Engine Performance
- Transmission Removal
& Installation
- Suspension
- Air Conditioning
- Engine Overhauls
- Wheel & Drivetrain
Specs
- Brake Servicing
Procedures
- Factory Maintenance
Schedules
- Si Operating Fluids,
Techniques, Diagnosis Encoding
- Si Special Tools/Appliances
- Technical Reference
Bulletins
- Plus Much More
Overview
- Problem Diagnosis and
Repair Procedures
- High Detail Printable
Diagrams
- Electrical & Wiring
Diagrams & Guides
- Maintenance &
Servicing
- VIN Number Input access
vehicle specific info.
- Extensive Documented
Vehicle Information
- Simple User Friendly
Interface
- Zoom & Magnify Parts
Pictures
- Search by Keyword or by
Engine or by Transmission Codes
All
aspects covered in Magnificent Detail
As used by BMW main dealers
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Screenshots:
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Photos, Technical Diagrams, Detailed Repair &
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All Years & model/s BMW Vehicles from 1973 to 2006 covered on
Auto Run Workshop Manual Data Base 1 CD
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Covers All BMW Vehicle Solutions
Please note; This program is a professional T.I.S CD /
European/Worldwide Coverage
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Comprehensive workshop manual section
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Comprehensive body repair section
- Checking procedures
- Service requirements
- All wiring diagrams
- Diagnostic tests, trouble
codes and associated procedures
- Simply the best info,
quick easy repairs every time
- Right and left hand drives
covered
- Bodywork and
panels/windows & doors/engine/transmission
- Clutch/suspension/steering/brakes
- Exterior and interior
electrics
- Fixture and fittings
- All areas covered
!
- Multi language:
Suitable for Professional & D.I.Y
Service, Repair, Diagnosis, Parts, EPC Diagrams etc
Fully compatible with Win XP, NT and
2000 SP2, Vista
Comprehensive installation information and
instructions will be included with this program.
Contains TIS (Technical
Information System) Application Which Covers BMW Models Up To 2005
Latest Available
Version
As
used by BMW main dealers
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English / Deutsche - German / Francaise / Espanol - spanish / Italiano /
Swedish / Korean / Chinese / Dutch / Finnish / Japanese / Portuguese /
Greek / Russian / Turkish / Indonesian / Thai
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With Detailed Installation Instructions
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1973, 1974, 1975, 1976. 1977. 1978,
1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983. 1984. 1985. 1986. 1987. 1988. 1989. 1990.
1991. 1992, 1993, 1994. 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
BMW
Bayerische
Motoren Werke AG
(info)
(BMW), (English: Bavarian Motor Works) is an
independent German
automobile manufacturer. BMW is one of the
world's leading performance-luxury manufacturers of cars
and motorcycles, along with being the parent
company of the MINI and Rolls-Royce car brands.
Automobiles
Current
The current BMW model lineup is split into
what is referred to as "Series", traditionally identified by a
single digit - e.g. the 3 Series.
1 Series
The 1 Series was launched globally in Fall 2004 and shares
many structural, chassis, powertrain, hardware
and electronic elements with the 3-series. The model was started to provide
a lower point of entry into the BMW range as the 3 series moved gradually
up-market. Initially launched as a 5-door hatchback, a 3-Door version was
also launched in July 2007.The 1 series pricing fits neatly between MINI and the
current E90
3-series.
A Coupé has been announced in late 2007, and there is also a
convertible. Because it is the only rear wheel drive vehicle in its class, it is
considered the heir apparent to the original 2002 sport sedan from the
1960s.
U.S. introduction for the 1 series will be MY
2008 as a coupé and convertible, in the 128i and the 135i. The 135i is
slated to receive the 300 horsepower (220 kW) twin turbo 6
cylinder engine from the 3 series. The new 1 series convertible will share
the looks of its coupe brother and uses a soft-top unlike the 3 series
convertible's hard top. This is lighter, cheaper to manufacture and
preserves more trunk space than the folding hardtop would allow in this
small package.
3 Series
The BMW 3 Series is a compact executive
car manufactured since MY 1975. The E90 is the 5th generation of 3 series.
Available from MY 2006 to present, it is offered as the sport sedan(E90), sport wagon(E91), sport coupe(E92), and
sport coupe convertible(E93). The E90 series is completely
re-engineered from the E46, including changes to motor choices, transmission,
the passenger compartment comfort, suspension technology, as well as a host
of High-Tech features and options.
The 3 series is not only one of BMW's most important models, it also
accounts for a majority of worldwide sales.
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BMW E46 Generation with ZHP Performance Package
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BMW E46 Generation Pre-facelift
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5 Series
A mid-size luxury
car / executive car. For MY
2008, BMW has revised the 5 series with a slightly redesigned interior,
subtle exterior details, and new motor options. The motors offered are
BMW's N52 and N54 inline 6-cylinder motors, as well as diesel
and V8 options.
The BMW 5 series has been one of BMW's "experimental" cars, in
which they can explore newer ideas. They have inserted new technologies and
new ideas into this model that may have seemed radical for its time. One
such example of this "testing" approach is the new headlight
design. These types of changes to the 5 Series have allowed BMW to assess
the reaction of consumers to their new designs before expanding the changes
to other model series. Consequently, it has at times led people to question
BMW's approach to design.
- The M5 is
the motorsport division's version of the 5 Series. The new M5 (built
on the E60 5 series chassis) is powered by a F1-inspired
V10 engine, producing 507 hp (378 kW) and is mated with a
7-speed Sequential Manual Gearbox (SMG) transmission, which is capable
of a delimited top speed of about 330 km/h (production variants are
restricted to 250 km/h, or 155 mph). BMW has also recently added a
6-speed manual transmission for newer 2007 models. The colour palette
differs from its more modest 5 Series siblings.
2005 5 Series with M Sport Package
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2007 5-Series Touring with M Sport Package
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E39 BMW M5 (previous generation)
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6 Series
The 6 Series is BMW's grand touring luxury
sport coupé.
Currently available as the 650i in coupé and coupé convertible, the 6
series returned in 2004, after a 15 year absence from BMW's model lineup.
Although many spy photos were seen with the 6-Series having a half-life
update, like the 5-Series, BMW released the updated 6-Series in
July 2007. It is unknown when the M6 coupe & cabriolet update versions
will be released, however both are expected soon.
- M6: A
high performance version of the 6 Series. Developed by BMW's M
Division, it is powered by the same 5.0 L V10 507 hp
(378 kW) engine seen in the BMW M5. It is currently available in
Europe, North America, South America, Australia and South Africa.
2004 6 Series Convertible(645i)
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6 Series Convertible (645i)
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BMW 7-Series (current generation, pre-update)
7 Series
BMW's full-size flagship executive sedan. Typically,
BMW introduces much of their innovations first in the vaunted 7 series. It
has been deemed a "sports car at the helm and a limousine
in the rear". Numerous landmark and breakthrough technologies for the
entire automotive industry debut on the 7 series.
For example, the groundbreaking and controversial electronic controller iDrive-
'I drive', or the world's first Hydrogen powered production vehicle, have all debuted
in the 7 series. The 7-Series Hydrogen, the world’s first luxury
performance sedan with hydrogen drive, is fueled
by liquid hydrogen and releases only water vapor.
Since the infrastructure for refueling a hydrogen
internal combustion engine does not currently exist, the V12 engine also runs
on gasoline,
enabled via a push button system. Numerous engines power the 7 series
worldwide. BMW offers diesel, straight
6, V8 and V12
motors, as well as the Alpina tuned supercharged V8.
Additionally, the 760Li is also made in a bulletproof
version, which BMW calls a "security sedan"[citation needed]
BMW X3 (current generation, update)
X3
BMW's second SUV debuted in 2004 (called SAV or Sports Activity Vehicle
by BMW) and is based on the E46 3 Series layout, but the exterior is quite
different. For 2007, the X3 is powered by the N52 inline 6 cylinder engine that
debuted with the 2006 E90 3 Series. The X3 is a more functionally oriented
vehicle that American buyers seem to prefer over a wagon; it is BMW's
answer to the growing crossover segment of the market. It has performed
quite well in sales. In 2007 a face lift was given to the X3, including an
X-drive update, suspension adjustments, an engine upgrade, and aesthetics
inside and out.
Marketed in Europe as an off-roader, it benefits from an advanced
all-wheel drive system. This, combined with its standard "Enhanced
DSC" stability control, make the X3 a capable vehicle on and off road.
X5
The BMW X5 (E53) is a mid-size luxury SUV (SAV) sold by BMW since 2000.
It features all-wheel drive and a line of straight-6 and V8 engines. For
non-US models there is a 3.0 L diesel engine.
The BMW E70 automobile platform replaced the BMW E53 in November 2006.
The E70-based X5 SUV features many new technological advancements including
BMW's iDrive system as standard equipment and,
for the first time in a BMW, an optional third row seat which has increased
the seating capacity in the new X5 to 7 passengers.
The E53 model was rated the by IIHS in 2002 to be the safest vehicle
that organization had ever tested.[citation needed]
Since then, BMW has applied their craft to the current generation E70 to
incorporate innovative "firsts" for the SUV/SAV industry, such as
Run Flat Tires, complimentary BMW Assist, and a unique rear framing section
to protect 3rd row occupants from injury due to an impact.
The E70 features either a 3.0si(253 hp)or a
4.8i(350 hp)powertrain. In most parts of Europe,
either a 3.0d(232 hp)or a 3.0sd(282 hp)engine is
available. The 3.0d and 3.0sd are the same engine,
they differ only in that the 3.0sd uses the turbocharged 3 litre engine
from the 335d/535d. It has been announced that the X5 M will be released in
2008, it will feature the V12 engine out of the BMW 760, and will provide
the car with 432 hp (322 kW). The X5 M will feature a full
body-kit, new alloy wheels, and generally a revised look.
[X6
A crossover coupe SUV released by BMW in December 2007. The vehicle is
currently beginning to export to many countries
around the world, with orders being taken currently from the UK.
An all new version of the 550i/650i's engine is
being used in the X6 with twin turbo technology from the 135i/335i. The
standard engines 340 bhp will be replaced with
455 bhp.
Z4
A 2-seater roadster and coupé which
succeeded the Z3.
From 2006 the Z4 Roadster is available as a 3.0i (3.0 L I6 with 215 hp), a
3.0si available with the new generation 3.0 L I6 with 255 hp
(190 kW), a 2.5si with a 2.5 I6 with 218 bhp
(163 kW) or a 2.0i with a 150 bhp
(112 kW) 2.0 L I4. The Z4 Coupé is available only in the
high-performance 3.0si trim powered by the 3.0 L 255 hp (190 kW)
I6. The Z4 is currently built at the Spartanburg
plant.
- Z4
M The new Z4 M roadster has been released as a Z4 with an E46 M3
motor (3.2 L, 343 hp) and also features the M braking, suspension, and
M characteristics. There is also an M coupe model available.
BMW M
BMW M GmbH
(previously: BMW Motorsport GmbH) is a subsidiary of German car
manufacturer BMW AG established in May 1972 with just eight employees. BMW
M, also known as M-Technik or just "M"
(for Motorsport) was initially created to facilitate BMW’s racing program,
which was very successful in the 1960s and 1970s. The first racing project
was BMW’s 3.0 CSL; in the late 1970s the first modified street legal road
cars were produced for the contracted racecar
drivers as their personal vehicles. By 1988, the number of employees had
risen to 400.
M3
Based on the 3 Series Coupe & Convertible, the M3 defined
an entirely new market for BMW: a race ready production vehicle. Since its
debut, the M3 is heralded in enthusiast circles, in large part due to its
unique geometry and award winning powerplants. MY2008
marks the first time a Formula 1 inspired V8 will be offered.[citation needed],
producing 420 hp (313 kW) that can reach 62 mph (100 km/h) in
about 4.5 seconds. The newest platform will be available fall of 2007 in
Europe, and second quarter of 2008 for the U.S. in Coupe (E92), and later
the Cabriolet (E93), and Sedan (E90) variants.
Based on the 5 Series, the M5 is the M division's 500 hp (373
kW) V10-powered version of the E60 5 series which makes 62 mph
(100 km/h) in 4.7 seconds,[2]
impressive for a 4 door saloon car. The M5 was the first 4-door sedan to be
considered a sports car, and at one time was the fastest production sedan
ever produced. The M5 engine won the best engine in its category three
years in a row.
M6
The M6 is the M division's version of the E63. The M6 shares its drivetrain with the M5. The V10 produces
500 horsepower (373 kW) and 383lb/ft (520Nm) of Torque. The M6
made its way into the 2005 Geneva Motor Show. It is currently available in
a Coupe and a Convertible version, however, it is understood that an M6 CSL
version is to be released in the future. The vehicle only weighs around
1750kg, but that low amount assures that it reaches 100km/h (60 miles) in
4.6 seconds.
The vehicle is based on the 6 Series Coupe and Convertible, which were
launched back in 2004.
The carbon fiber and other light materials are
used in places like the bumpers and roof that are far from the centre of
gravity and/or high up, so that they not only reduce the overall weight but
improve the handling by reducing, respectively, the moment of inertia and
the centre of mass height.
The previous generation was launched in 1983, but ended in 1989 with
around 5,855 sold.
Z4 M
BMW’s two-seater is powered by the same prize-winning 3.2-litre
straight-six M engine also featured in the BMW M3(E46)
and the BMW Z4 Roadster. The engine’s performance figures are: 3,246 cc
displacement, 343 bhp (256 kW) maximum output at an engine speed of 7,900 rpm, maximum engine
speed of 8,000 rpm. No less than 80 per cent of the engine’s maximum torque
of 262 lb·ft (355 N·m)
is available at the driver’s request from just 2,000 rpm. Output per litre
is 103 bhp (77 kW), giving the Z4 M
Coupe a power-to-weight ratio of just 9.9 lb/bhp.
Acceleration to 60 mph (100 km/h) comes in 4.8 seconds and top
speed is limited electronically to 155 mph (249 km/h).
Future
- Z10/M10:
A supercar
to succeed the Z8, will likely compete
with the Audi
R8 and forthcoming Mercedes-Benz SLC; in late September
2007 BMW Group registered the M10 name. It is most likely to include
the engine at the front and is most likely rear-wheel-drive. It is
also most likely to feature the V10 found on the M5 and M6, but is
expected to produce a good margin more power (550 HP). It is expected
to weigh less then 3000 pounds.
- BMW X1 :
An SAV based on the BMW 1-Series to be positioned below the X3. Likely
to be built at Magna Steyr in
Austria, where X3 production will be phased
out.
- BMW PAS : the BMW Progressive Activity Sedan has
been officially announced, yet it is unclear exactly what this will be
conceptually. Sources[attribution needed]
say it is based on a 7 Series platform in a 5-seater hatchback-style
car. Competing against Mercedes R-Class.
- BMW F01/F02 7-Series : The F01 and F02 will be the
replacement for the 7-Series for either 2008 or 2009. The F02 is the
longer wheelbase version, which will get a more differentiated design
than before. In addition there will be a "Baby Rolls-Royce"
called a Rolls-Royce small sedan, based on this platform that will
compete with the Bentley Continental series.
- BMW CS: Possibly will revive the 8-series
nameplate. A four-door grand tourer/coupé to
be based on the BMW CS Concept, competing against the
Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class, and Porsche Panamera[3]
- BMW X5 M- a
432 bhp (322 kW) version of the
current X5, may be powered by the V10 from
the M5.
Prototypes
BMW made many cars over the years which have had great
impact on the world of motoring.
- 3.0 CSL
- M1
- M3
- M5
- M6 (e24) First production line M
car. Supercoupe capable of over
150 mph (240 km/h)
- M Roadster
- Dixi,
3/20, 303, 309, 315, 319, 320, 321, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 335
- Isetta,
600, 700
- 501,
502, 503, 507
- 3200
CS, 2000 CS
- New Sixes
(2500/2800/Bavaria/2.5/2.8/3.0/3.3): Predecessor to today's 7 Series
- New Class
(1500/1502/1600/1800/1802/2000/2002): Predecessor to the 3 Series
Internally,
BMW associates an "e-code" for each generation of a series
("E" stands for Entwicklung, German for development or evolution).
These "chassis codes" only change to signify a major redesign of
a series, or the introduction of a new series. BMW AG reported in
September 2006 that BMW would switch to the letter "F" for their
future models, beginning with the F01 7 Series replacement.
2.5, 2.8, 3.0, 3.3 "New Six" sedans
Recently BMW has become concerned
with the rising number of their vehicles being imported from the United
States into Canada and with the cooperation of the Registrar of Imported
Vehicles (a private contractor to the federal Government of Canada) has
placed impediments to the importation of BMW vehicles into Canada. All BMW
dealers in the United States and Canada are now forbidden from printing
vehicle history reports that list warrantee work that has been performed as
well as the status of any safety recalls and supplying this document to the
legal owners of the vehicles. Owners of BMW vehicles are considered to be a
"third party" to information regarding the safety of BMW
products. BMW now requires owners importing their cars into Canada to pay a
fee of $300 (CDN) for a document guaranteeing the vehicle's admissibility
into Canada and $500 (CDN) for a letter advising the Registrar of Imported
Vehicles that there are no outstanding recalls on that vehicle.
The BMW Car Club of America is an
organization of BMW enthusiasts with chapters throughout the United States.
The club runs a myriad of events, generally open to the public, to enjoy
BMW vehicles in all their forms....
BMW Club Egypt is an organization of
BMW owners in Egypt. The club offers automotive services, generally for to
Members only, However the club promote the BMW vehicles and lifetyle.
BMW has been engaged in motorsport activities since the dawn
of the first BMW motorcycle. BMW has competed and won many of the most
coveted and prestigious races and motoring events.
BMW has a long and very successful history in
this category, touring car racing.
- European Touring Car Championship
(ETCC) - Since 1968, BMW won 24 drivers' championships along with
several manufacturers' and teams' titles.
- World Touring Car Championship
(WTCC) - BMW won all drivers' championship at present and three
manufacturers' titles (1987, 2005, 2006 and 2007)
- DTM
(Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft) won the drivers'
championships:
- 1988: Roberto Ravaglia,
BMW M3
- 1987: Winfried Vogt, BMW M3
- 1983: Dieter Quester,
BMW 635 CSI
- 1982: Umberto Grano,
Helmut Kelleners, BMW 528i
- 1981: Umberto Grano,
Helmut Kelleners, BMW 635 CSI
- 1980: Siegfried Müller
Jr., Helmut Kelleners, BMW 320i
- 1979: Carlo Facetti,
Martino Finotto, BMW 3.0 CSL
- 1978: Umberto Grano,
BMW 3.0 CSL
- 1977: Dieter Quester,
BMW 3.0 CSL
- 1976: Pierre Dieudonné,
Jean Xhenceval, BMW 3.0 CSL
- 1975: Siegfried Müller,
Alain Peltier, BMW 3.0 CSL
- British Touring Car Championship
(BTCC) - BMW won the drivers' championship in 1988, 1991, 1992 and
1993 and manufacturers' championship in 1991 and 1993.
- Japanese Touring Car Championship
(JTCC) - BMW (Schnitzer)
flied from Europe to Japan, competed in the years and won the
championship in 1995
- Mille Miglia
- BMW won Mille Miglia in 1940 in with a 328 Touring
Coupé. Previously in 1938 the 328 sport car also obtained a class
victory.
The term "beemer"
started as an acronym for the abbreviation "BMW," adapted from
the early-20th century British pronunciation of BSA (as /ˈbisə/ or /ˈbizə/), whose
motorcycles were often racing BMWs. Over time, the term became closely
associated with BMW motorcycles.
In the United States, the term
"bimmer" was later coined to refer
(exclusively) to BMW automobiles. As such, use of the word "beemer" to refer to a BMW automobile is frowned
upon by some BMW enthusiasts,[4] because it is the
term used for motorcycles. Although the distinction is completely
arbitrary, to this day, the media, movies, and most people still use the
term "beemer" to refer to the
automobiles.
The initials BMW are pronounced /beː ɛm ˈveː/ in
German. The model series are referred to as "Dreier"
("Three-er" for 3 series), "Fünfer" ("Five-er"
for the 5 series), "Sechser"
("Six-er" for the 6 series), "Siebener" ("Seven-er" for the 7 series).
BMWs follow a certain
nomenclature in the naming many of their vehicles; a 3 digit number is
followed by 1 or 2 letters. The first number is the series number. The next
two numbers traditionally represent the engine displacement in cubic centimeters divided by 100.
The system of letters is as
follows:
For example, a BMW 760Li is a
fuel-injected 7 Series with a long wheel base and 6.0 litres of
displacement.
However, there are exceptions.
The 2007 BMW 328i is a 3 Series that has a 3.0 litre engine. The 2007 BMW
335i has that same 3.0 litre engine, however it is
twin-turbocharged and not identified in the nomenclature.
The 'M' - for Motorsport -
identifies the high-performance M vehicle of a particular series (e.g. M3,
M5, M6, etc). For example, the M6 is the highest performing vehicle in the
6 Series lineup. Although 'M' cars should be
separated into their respective series platforms, it is very common to see
'M' cars grouped together as its own series.
The 'Z' identifies a two seater roadster (e.g. Z1, Z3, Z4, etc). M varients of Z models have the M as a suffix or prefix,
depending on country of sale. (e.g. 'Z4 M' / 'M Roadster' in Canada)
A capitalized 'X' may supersede
the series number (e.g. X3 and X5) which refers to the Sports Activity
Vehicle (SAV) lineup, all of which feature BMW's xDrive.
Both X
& Z vehicles will have 'i' or 'si' follow the engine
displacement denoted in litres. The 'si' (e.g. X3
3.0si) identifies the vehicle as being equipped with the 'sport package'
& is 'fuel-injected'. X & Z vehicles only denoting 'i' (e.g. X3 3.0i) identifies the vehicle as
'fuel-injected' and no sport package.
Also,
Station-wagons/Estates are traditionally given the "Touring" or
"Sport Wagon" tagline, depending on country of sale.
BMW has always had a very tight and loyal community
following. In the summer of 2001, BMW even went as far as starting the BMW Films website, showcasing some
sporty models being driven to extremes. These videos are very popular
within the enthusiast community and have opened the eyes of many owners
looking for a sporty/fun car. However, even with all this success, on
October 21st, 2005, the BMW Films were taken offline.
Every year since 1999, BMW enthusiasts have met
up in Santa Barbara, CA to attend Bimmerfest.
Perhaps one of the largest brand-specific gatherings in the U.S. Over 3000
people attended in 2006, and there were over 1000 cars present. In 2007,
the event was held on May 5.
BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968, when Praetor Monteerders' plant was opened in Rosslyn, near Pretoria. BMW acquired the company in
1973, which became BMW South Africa, the first wholly-owned
subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Three unique models
that BMW Motorsport created for the South
African market were the BMW 333i, which added a 6-cylinder 3.2 litre engine
to the BMW 3 Series.[1], the BMW 325is which was powered
by an Alpina derived 2.7 litre engine, and the E23 M745i, which used the engine from
the BMW M1.
Unlike US manufacturers, such as Ford and GM, which divested from the country in
the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa.
Following
the end of apartheid in 1994, and the lowering of
import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5-Series and
7-Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3-Series for the
export market. South African-built BMWs are now exported to right hand drive markets including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as Sub-Saharan Africa. Since 1997, BMW
South Africa has produced vehicles in left hand drive for export to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America.[2]
BMW has
an ultra-high tech Regional Center in Cyberjaya, Malaysia. It is one of the rare places of
the worlds where technology is developed for their the
companies factories and cars.
BMW was officially founded as
a public company in 1922, but traces its origins to the pioneering days of German aviation all the way back to 1913. Two
of these pioneering men, Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto, are credited by BMW as
the "founding fathers". However, the company was actually founded
by three men: Josef Popp, Max Friz,
and Camillo Castiglioni.
These men brought BMW through many turbulent times in the company's early
life, as well as taking the company public in 1922 to form BMW AG.
Beginning with radio flyer engines, BMW AG
produced a variety of products in its early years, eventually shifting to motorcycle production in 1923 and
automobiles in 1929. The circular blue and white BMW logo, which has not
been altered throughout the company's history, does not in fact symbolize a
spinning propeller according to a BMW spokesman Joerg
Huebner (although the imagery did appear in post-WWI advertisements). The
BMW roundel badge is believed to have been partially derived from the logo
of its predecessor company Rapp Motorenwerke,
while ultimately taking on the colors and
checkers from the arms of Bavaria (fusilly
in bend argent and azure).[1] Significant
aircraft power plants of pre-WWII and WWII included the BMW 132 and BMW 801 air-cooled radial engines, and the pioneering BMW 003 axial-flow turbojet. BMW's factories were damaged
badly in the war, and many surviving machine tools were confiscated by the
victorious Allies.
BMW AG bought the British Rover Group (which at the time
consisted of the Rover, Land Rover and MG marques
as well as the rights to defunct marquees including Austin and Morris) in 1994 and owned it for six years. By 2000, Rover was making huge losses and
BMW decided to sell the combine. The MG and Rover marques
were sold to the Phoenix Consortium to form MG Rover, while Land Rover was taken
over by Ford. BMW, meanwhile, retained the
rights to build the new MINI, which was launched in 2001.
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